
The Future of Security and Bretton Woods 2.0
The West cannot deter military threats while ignoring the reality of economic war. Dr. Rebecca Harding argues that a Bretton Woods 2.0 moment is now an urgent priority for political leaders.
Insights
The World at Economic War is a timely and thought-provoking reminder of the role that economics plays in modern warfare. It argues that economics itself is at war – the institutions of the post-war economic order are riven with challenges to their legitimacy, rendering the old certainties of market-based economics at best contested and at worst irrelevant.
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The West cannot deter military threats while ignoring the reality of economic war. Dr. Rebecca Harding argues that a Bretton Woods 2.0 moment is now an urgent priority for political leaders.

Dr. Rebecca Harding on why multilateral financial architectures hold the key to scaling UK defence industry capacity while preserving long-term fiscal flexibility.

Germany’s defence SMEs face a systemic access-to-finance challenge that has become a strategic vulnerability. Dr. Rebecca Harding on the evidence and the mechanisms.

Sweden’s defence industrial model is highly capable but structurally constrained. Dr. Rebecca Harding examines why 380 firms sit alongside acute SME access-to-finance risk.

85% of Norway’s defence firms are SMEs, yet 70% of revenues sit with just four companies. Dr. Rebecca Harding on why this concentration matters.

South Korea’s export-oriented defence industrial base is dominated by conglomerates. Dr. Rebecca Harding on the country’s SME finance architecture.